The Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) is a popular houseplant known for its lush, arching fronds that bring a touch of nature indoors. With its rich green foliage, the Boston Fern is not only a beautiful decorative plant but also an excellent air purifier. The Boston Fern, a variety of sword fern, belongs to the Nephrolepis genus. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions, particularly the Americas, Africa, and Southeast Asia.
This fern is characterized by its long, feather-like fronds that can grow up to 2–3 feet in length. The fronds are made up of small leaflets, giving the plant a delicate and airy appearance.Here’s everything you need to know about caring for and cultivating this classic fern.
| Common Names | Boston fern, sword fern, ladder fern, boss fern |
| Botanical Name | Nephrolepis exaltata |
| Family | Lomariopsidaceae |
| Plant Type | Herbaceous, perennial |
| Mature Size | 2-3 ft. tall and wide |
| Sun Exposure | Partial sun |
| Soil Type | Moist, well-drained |
| Soil pH | Acidic |
| Hardiness Zone | 9-11 (USDA) |
| Native Area | Americas, Africa, and Polynesia |
Types of Boston Fern
While the Boston Fern itself is a variety of the sword fern, there are several cultivars within the Nephrolepis exaltata species, each with unique characteristics. Here are some of the popular types:
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Bostoniensis’:
This is the classic Boston Fern variety, recognized for its long, arching fronds with small, symmetrical leaflets. It’s the most common type found in homes and gardens.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Fluffy Ruffles’:
Known for its shorter, more compact fronds, this cultivar has a dense, ruffled appearance. The fronds are bushier and more upright, making it a great choice for smaller spaces.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Teddy Junior’:
This variety is similar to ‘Fluffy Ruffles’ but even more compact and dense. It features soft, finely divided fronds that give it a plush, velvety texture.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Dallas Jewel’:
A more tolerant variety, ‘Dallas Jewel’ is known for its ability to thrive in lower light and less humid conditions. Its fronds are slightly shorter and more upright, making it easier to manage indoors.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Emerald Queen’:
This cultivar has broader and more elongated fronds that are a deeper green. The ‘Emerald Queen’ is valued for its lush, regal appearance and is often used in decorative displays.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Rooseveltii’:
Named after President Franklin D. Roosevelt, this variety is characterized by its wavy, undulating fronds. The fronds have a unique, rippling effect that adds an interesting texture to the plant.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Norwoodii’:
A rarer variety, ‘Norwoodii’ has intricately laced, narrow fronds that give the plant a delicate, lace-like appearance. It’s less common in cultivation but highly sought after by fern enthusiasts.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Whitmanii’:
Also known as the ‘Feather Fern,’ this cultivar features very finely divided fronds that are almost feathery in texture. The fronds are soft and delicate, creating a light, airy effect.
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Verona’:
A newer cultivar, ‘Verona’ has a more compact growth habit with slightly twisted fronds, giving it a unique and modern look. It’s ideal for indoor spaces where space is limited.
Each of these Boston Fern varieties has its own charm and can be chosen based on the specific aesthetic or care requirements you’re looking for. Whether you prefer the classic look of ‘Bostoniensis’ or the more intricate fronds of ‘Whitmanii,’ there’s a Boston Fern type to suit every plant lover’s taste.
Boston Fern Care
Ideal Growing Conditions
Light: Boston Ferns thrive in bright, indirect light. While they can tolerate low light conditions, they prefer a spot where they can receive filtered sunlight. Direct sunlight can scorch their fronds, so it’s best to place them near a north- or east-facing window.
Temperature: These ferns prefer a cool to moderate climate, ideally between 60 and 75°F (16 and 24°C). They can tolerate temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) but should be kept away from drafts and sudden temperature changes, which can cause stress to the plant.
Humidity: Boston Ferns love high humidity. In their natural habitat, they grow in moist, shaded areas, so replicating this environment is key to their success indoors. If the air in your home is dry, consider misting the plant regularly, placing it on a humidity tray, or using a humidifier.
Soil: A well-draining, rich, and slightly acidic soil is ideal for Boston Ferns. A mix of peat moss, potting soil, and perlite or sand works well. While retaining moisture, the soil shouldn’t get soggy.
Watering: Consistent moisture is essential for Boston Ferns. Maintain a uniformly damp but not drenched soil. Water the fern when the top inch of soil feels dry, ensuring that excess water drains away to prevent root rot. During the growing season (spring and summer), increase watering frequency, while in the dormant season (fall and winter), reduce watering slightly.
Care and Maintenance
Fertilizing: During the growing season, feed your Boston Fern with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4-6 weeks. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can lead to frond burn or an accumulation of salts in the soil.
Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain the fern’s shape and encourages new growth. Remove any yellow, brown, or damaged fronds by cutting them at the base. This also helps to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
Repotting: Boston Ferns can become root-bound over time, so repotting every 1-2 years is recommended. Choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one, and refresh the soil to provide the plant with new nutrients. Spring is the optimum time for repotting.
Pest Control: Although Boston Ferns are relatively pest-resistant, they can occasionally be affected by pests like spider mites, scale, and mealybugs. Regularly inspect your plant and treat any infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Propagation
Boston Ferns can be easily propagated through division. When repotting, gently separate the plant into smaller clumps, ensuring that each clump has a healthy root system and fronds. Fill the pots with fresh dirt, plant the divisions, and give them plenty of water. Keep the newly potted ferns in a humid environment until they establish themselves.
Common Problems and Solutions
- Yellowing Fronds: This can be a sign of overwatering or too much direct sunlight. Adjust your watering schedule and move the plant to a spot with indirect light.
- Brown Leaf Tips: This is frequently caused by low humidity or underwatering. Increase humidity around the plant and ensure consistent watering.
- Wilting Fronds: If the fronds are wilting despite regular watering, check for root rot. Remove the damaged roots and repot the plant in fresh, well-drained soil.
Benefits of Boston Ferns
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, Boston Ferns are known for their air-purifying properties. They are particularly effective at removing formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene from the air, making them a great addition to any indoor space. Additionally, the presence of ferns can create a calming and refreshing atmosphere in your home or office.
The Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) is a timeless houseplant that brings both beauty and health benefits to indoor environments. With the right care, it can thrive and flourish, providing a touch of greenery and a breath of fresh air in your space. Whether you’re a seasoned plant parent or a beginner, the Boston Fern is a rewarding choice for any plant collection.